Hair setting composition and method for use of same



t d S tes P sf O.

HAIR SETTING COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR USE'OF SAME Herman I. Hersh, Evanston, II].

No Drawing. Application December 19, 1952 Serial No. 327,030

4 Claims. c1. 13'2-7 This invention relates to the treatment of hair on the human head and to compositions for use in same, It relates more particularly to compositions and methods for straightening kinky hair or for-curlin'g hair in the event that it is straight or has become straightened and to provide improvements in the characteristics. and in the appearance'of the treated hair. 1 l

In the eopending application-of Virgil A. Gant, Ser. No. 263,509, filed'on December 26, '1951, now Patent No. 2,643,375, and in. the copending application of Virgil A. Gant, Ser. No. 285,330, filed'on April 30, 1952, nowPatent No. 2,750,947, description is made. of'a new and improved composition foimulated to contain an organo-silicon resinous material inan intermediate or in an advanced stage of polymeric. growth, alone or in combinationwith an organo-silicon fluid orother lubricant for application in solvent solutions or from aqueous dispersions onto the hair fibers to improve the condition and the characteristics thereof. The organo-silicon resinous material'is set. on the hair fibers by thermal reaction in the. event that the. organo-silicon is in an inter mediate stage 'of polymeric growth'or else set by reaction in the presence of a catalyst alone or in combination with heat, or else theorgano-siliconresinous material may be set on the hair' fiberslmerely by elimination of the diluent in the event that the compound is incorporated in an advanced stage; of polymeric growth.

The formed organo-silicon compounds are stable at elevated temperatures andprovide'a substantially colorless component on the hairfibers which etfectively hold the, hair fibers in position upon setting of the organosilicon material' It hasbeen found that the organosilicon compounds are incapable of harmfully affecting the hairjstructure or the scalp skin associated therewith and are therefore easy and safe to handlefor purposes of hair conditioning.- When the organo-silicon resinous materials are used in combination with an organo-silicon fluid or other lubricant, the latter-functions effectively to improve the softness and sheen of the hair fibers thereby'markedly to improve theappearance of the hair and tolessen thesfifiness of the hairwith theresult that the-hair; fibers soon; lose their natural kinky tendencies and. ultimately acquire asoftand silkyfeel; Quiteyun expectedly; the,.,orga1 1osilicon compounds, whether in the forrn of a resinouscomponent alone or in; combination with the organmsilicon fluids, seem :tov impart marked life and vigor to the hairjfibers without imparting any of the oily. and; greasy characteristics resembling constituents which have heretofore been'used for hair straightening.

. Inthe copending .applicationof Hersh et al., Ser. No. 289,908, filed on May'f2 5, 195 2, I'IOW PEItCHtINQ. 2,782,- 790, description is mayor an improvement in a hair straightening composition of the .type described wherein theorganooilicon compound isjprovided in the form of a silaneha'ving groups which hydrolyze readily upon additionof moisture to cause the immediateformation of polysiloir'anes on the hair fibers whereby hair setting and 1;

2,840,087 Patented June 24,

conditioning is achieved. The improvement described and claimed in said'copending'application makes itposk sible to achieve hair' conditioning without theuse of heat for hair setting. The formation of the polysiloxanes on the hairfibers occurs as an incidence to the reactions which take place upon the addition of moisture for hydrolyzation of the. silanev followed substantially.

immediately by polymerization to formthe polysiloxane on the'hair fiberswhile the. hair is being combed ofFhas been set to a desired condition.

One of the objectionable features of compositionsof the types previously described resides in the use of solvent medium for solution of the silanes or polysiloxanes. Such solvent substances constitute a hazard in the use of the material for hair setting and present a barrier to the shipment of such materials fromstation to station. In addition, the solvent componengpresent in high proportion in the hair treating composition, represents a major item in the cost of the hair conditioner and pro vides'an odor which is difficult sometimes completely to eliminate. v t I 7 Therefore, it is.an object of this invention to provide a hair treating composition of the type described in which the organo-silicon compounds are contained in a stable for hair conditioning; which is safe to handle and ship andwhich is substantially free of odor and the ability to impart color.

In accordance with, the practice of this invention, a silane of the type described in the .copending application ofH'ersh et al., Ser. No.. 289 ,908, and having from 1 to 3 hydrolyzable groups attached directly to the silicon atom and at least, one organo group also attached tothe silicon atom may be incorporated to form a stable hair treating composition when the, aqueous medium is formulated to contain a' base that is. capable of'm'aintaining the solubility or stability of the silanes or. derivativesthereof and which functions also to neutralize the hydrolyzation and volatiliziation reaction whereby a polysiloxane is formed and deposited on the hair fibers upon drying.

v,As the base it is preferred to make use of. ammonia in amounts to adjust the pH of the composition to between 5-1-0. For purposes of stability, it is preferred to adjust the pH of thecomposition to the acid side between 57 but for better. performance on the hair fibers it is preferred.. to,adjust the'pH to the alkaline side be ween 7-10. Ammonia or other weak acid salts such .assodium acetate,, 'sodium formate or the like apparently provide for a greater stability of the silane in theaqueous treating "composition and it causes polymerization to takeplacefin almanner to iorrn lower molecular weight polymers .capable of impartingsome of the characteristics of an organo-silicon resin andsome of the, characteristics of an organosilicon. fluid thereby to impart the desired combination of hair setting and lubricity to the hair fibers. Stronger bases,- suchas sodium hydroxide orother alkali metal hydroxide may bei sed but toless advantage than ammonia. Thealkali metal hydroxidesl'react with the hydrolyzable groups of the silane toform the corresponding salts which, after permanent manner.

formedinto whatis *believe d tojbesa stable colloidal dispersion in aqueous medium. 1 When. using an ammonia system, it becomes unnecessary to make vuseof an acid wash followed by a water rinsebecause. the ammonia group can..be'removed' by volatilization by drying preferablyat elevated temperatures 'to deposit an insoluble polysiloxane on the hair fibers. I 9 l Silanes rwhichlmaybe usedin accordance with the concepts of this invention may be represented by the wherein X is a halogen of the type chlorine or bromine or an oxy group of low molecular weight. capable of ready hydrolyzationfrom the organo-silicon molecule suchyas,methoxy, ethoxy and 'theflike-oxy groups. R

may be represented by hydrogen oralkyl groups of the type ethyl, methyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl andthe like, aryl or alkaryl groups of the type benzyl, phenyl, toluyl, naphthyl and the like. "At least one'of theR groups should bean organic groupcontaining less than Scarbon atoms in s't'raight chain arrangement and having an unsaturated carbon to carbon linkage through which addition polymerization may, take place, such for example asallyl, vinyl, methallyl, styryl and the'like. Silanes of the type described include vinyltrichloro silane, methallyldichloro silane, diallyldiethoxysilane, methallyltriarm silane, styryltrichloro silane, and vinyldichloro silane. 1 M

1 It has also been found that instability tends f to result in thernanufacture 'ofthe treating composition and inferior conditioning of the hair is secured when formulation of the silane in aqueous medium adjusted tothe desired pH with ammonia ismade at elevated temperature. However, when formulated at a temperature below 80. F and preferably at a'temperature below 55f F., a compositionis formed which is stable under the conditions of storage for use in the treatment of hair fibers. .When the organo-silicon monomer of' the hair treating ,composition contains' two'available .hydroly zable groups, hydrolyzation andsubstantially simultaneous condensation occurs in aqueous medium to form relatively straight chain .polymers of a relatively'soft and resilient character capable of setting the hair in positions jheld smaller number of building units while others are solids of a waxy, rubber-like or resinous nature formed by considerably larger numbers of building units before polymerization is blocked. Those which are completely blocked against further polymerization are relatively heat stable but others are capable of further condensation and hardening upon the application of heat and/or catalyst but, in any event, sutficient polymers of solid character are produced by the initial hydrolyzation and polymerization to setthe'hair fibers. The polymers of low molecular Weight function as lubricants in the final product to impart lubricity to the hair fibers and improve their luster and sheenand general overall appearance.

during organo-silicon polymerization while permitting resetting of the hair, to desired configuration by subsequent application of heat or the like. When the organosilanes in the treating composition are formed of a mixture of compounds having two hydrolyzable groups with a few. compounds having [three available 'hydrolyzable groups, a polymer is formed upon hydrolyz ation and condensation having thecharacteristics of an elastomer whereby the hair particles remain highly flexible and embody aysoft andsilky appearance but are .capable of setting conditions even in the presence of high humidity." As with the resinous materials formed with silanes having two hydrolyzable groups, the

formed polymer permits resetting of 'the hair intopin curls or other configurations by the use of heat soon after resinformation. Intheevent that the organosilane of which the hair treating composition is formed containsthree available hydrolyzable groups, then crosslinked polymers areformedfwhich are thermosetting in nature to provide for hairsetting in a substantially more Of theorg'ano-silicon polymers formed in situ on the hair fibers; by hydrolyzation and polymerization while holding the hair in, position for setting 'sorne' of the polymers are-liquids'formcd by the combination of 1a The character of the organo-silicon polymer formed depends not only upon the number of hydrolyzable groups available in the organo-silane but also on the character of the organicv groups. Where the organic groups are of the low aliphatic series or aromaticv groups, a harder product is formed which requires some lubricant to. enhance the. lubricity and softness as well as to,.improve the feel of the .hair. fibers while organic groups of the higher fattyv acid radicals tend to produce polymers which are, softer and more flexible in nature and therefore require less lubricant to achieve the desired characteristics. Thus; in the practice of this invention, it is desirable .to balance'the silanes with respect to the number ofhydrolyzable groups to control the polymer structurebetween'liquid polymers'of low molecular weight and harder polymers .of high molecular weight and cross linking and also preferably to provide for a balance between silanes of long chain fatty acid groups, such ,as dioctadecyl diethoxy silane which form soft and flexible lubricating polymers and silanes of short chained organic radicals such as with methyl, ethyl, and phenyl groups whichtproduce harder solids of resinous nature. I

As previously pointed out, by the: proper selection of base and treating conditions, it is possible to regulate the type of polysiloxane which is formed on the hair fibers. so as to impart the desired characteristics of the polysiloxane fluid and a polysiloxane resin. It is also possible by. proper selection of-the organo silane component itself to provide for the formation of a certain proportion of polysiloxanes. of low molecular weight which correspond to the organo-silicon fluids and a certain proportion of poly siloxanes of high molecular weight which correspond tothe polysiloxane resins whereby desired balance of lubricity and setting may beachieved bythe treating composition. Where the amount of low molecular substance formed is insuflicient to prevent matting or to impart the desired lubricity and silky softness to the hair, additional lubricants in the form of organo-silicon fluids in aqueous dispersion may be used such for example as dimethyl polysiloxane (DC-200 fiuid) diethyl polysiloxane (DC-400 fluid) and the like. 1 a

Generally it is desirable to formulate the treating composition of silanes calculated to produce polymers byhydrolyzation and polymerization having the desired balance of lubricity and bonding or which are adapted to form amaxirnum of about 5 percent by weight of the polymer which is solid-in nature and a maximum of about S percent by weight of a polymer which is fluid in nature." .When the solid polyrners formed exceed 5 percent, hair stifiening occurs with the," possibility of experiencing hair breakageand the hair becomes matted in a manner to prevent combining. Certain hairs will tolerate not more than 5 percent by. weight polymeric solids especially when the polymerisable to impart some lubricity ,to the hair; fibers but it is seldom desirable to exceed 1 0 percent by weight polymeric solids ,when calculated on the basis of the treating composition; ,When' additional lubricant is required to provide the desired. characteristics; insteadof f the organo-silicon fluidsfof the"typed'es'cribed, other lubricants soluble in the aqueous medium or which maybe-incorporated as dispersions in the aqueous medium may be used, such for example as mineral oils, palm oil, olive oil, vege table oils, fatty acids, fatty acid amines and the like.

It is desirable to secure uniform distribution of the treating composition over the entire lengths of hair in order to avoid undesirable concentrations in certain areas which might cause matting or stiffening. Most hair acquires a film of oil on the outer surfaces thereof which often presents a barrier to the desired wetting out of the fibers and it is desirable, on that account, to incorporate a small amount of wetting agent or surface active agent in the treating composition. In the event that the hair is thoroughly washed prior to treatment, such wetting agents may be eliminated. As a wetting agent it is desirable to select a compound that is stable and which has little, if any, color and which is compatible with the system in which the organo-silane is contained.

It is preferred to make use of aryl alkyl polyethyl alcohols such as are marketed by Rohm & Haas under the trade name Triton X-100 or marketed by Atlas Powder Company under the trade name Tween. Use may also be made of sorbitan monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate polyoxyethylene derivatives or other commercially available materials such as the polyglycol esters represented by dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate or the alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, sorbitan sulfooleates, fatty alcohol sulphates, aromatic polyglycol ethers and the like. The amount of wetting agent may range from 0.05 to 2 percent by weight of the treating composition. Although more can be used, the amount specified is suflicient.

The following will illustrate the formulation of compositions embodying features of this invention and the use thereof in the treatment of hair on the human head:

Example 1 4.0 percent by weight diethyl diethoxy silane 95.0 percent by weight water adjusted to a pH of 7- with ammonium hydroxide 1.0 percent by weight wetting agent Example 2 3.0 percent by weight diphenyl diethoxy silane 1.0 percent by weight ethyl triethoxy silane 1.0 percent by weight sodium ethyl phenyl, ethyl and phenyl polysiloxanolate copolymer 1.0 percent by weight wetting agent 94.0 percent by weight water adjusted to a pH of 7.5

Example 3 1 molecular equivalent methyl triethoxy silane 4 molecular equivalents of a base (ammonium or sodium hydroxide) The above ingredients of Example 3 are introduced in water in amounts to provide for a solids concentration of about 35 percent by weight and 0.5 percent by weight of a wetting agent is added.

Example 4 2.0 percent by weight vinyl triethoxy silane 2.0 percent by weight'diphenyl diethoxy silane 1.0 percent by weight wetting agent 95.0 percent by weight Water adjusted to a pH between 6 and 9 with ammonia and a small amount of sodium hydroxide be maintainedover. an indefinite period of time for use as a hair treating composition. In use, it is best first to wash the hair thoroughly to remove any dirt, grease, oil or the like which might interferewith the conditioning of the hair. After the hair is dry, a treating composition of Examples 1-4 may be applied lightly to the hair merely sufficient to dampen the hair. Application can be made by an atomizing spray, by a cotton swab or by applying the material onto portions ofthe hairand then working the hair with the fingersto secure uniform distribution. In straightening hair, it is best often to wet separated shocks of hair as by means of a spray or wetting pad and to process-the individual shocks to the desired arrangement. The amount applied is critical only inrthe sense that too much will deposit solids and cause matting while insufiicient treating'composition will be ineffective to set thehair in the'desired' arrangement and water-proof the hair for subsequent permanence in hair setting.

Upon elimination of the diluent, as by slow evaporation or more rapidly by use of a hot comb, heat lamp, curling iron or other heating means, the hair should be'combed or set to the arrangement desired. For hair straightening, it is desirable to comb or brush the hair straightduring the final stages of the elimination of diluent. When a hot comb is used, generally heated to a temperature of 250-350 F.,.thehair becomes straightened substantially completely within a few' passes of the comb through the hair.

Polymerization occurs during elimination of the diluent or subsequent thereto with the result that an organo-silicon polymer in the form of a polysiloxane lubricant or resin is formed on the hair fibers whereby the hair fibers are held in the desired arrangement and the formed organosilicon polymer is believed to impart suflicient water repellency to the hair so that the hair is unable to be returned to its kinky or former conditioneven in the presence of moisture or high humidity. The organo-silicon polymers also impart improved lubricity and sheen to the hair and increase the softness thereof'thereby to improve the hair texture and appearance. Kinky hair which has been straightened by this process can be subsequently permanently waved simply by Wrapping the straightened hair about curlers and then heating in the manner generally employed for permanent waving for a short length of time with or without the application of additional treating composition. Hair which has been straightened by this manner can subsequently be treatedjwith present compositions for permanent waving as with the compositions relying upon reduction with thioglycolic acid and oxidation to reform the hair fibers after the hair has been set while in plastic condition; Hair which is naturally straight can be permanently waved in accordance with present technique by Wrapping the hair about curlersin themanner of a permanent wave and then applying the treating compositions of Examples l-4 substantially uniformlyto wet out the hair fibers. Upon elimination of the diluent, the hair' set in pin curls or the like will maintain its set condition upon settingof the organoimmediate condensation reaction to-form the polymer whilein aqueous medium, In the absence of .anaryl or aromaticgroup attached directly to the silicon atom, polymerization by condensation between hydroxy groups of the silanol would proceed rapidly and possibly in an uncontrolled manner and provide an unstable composition. .The 1 to hydroxyl groupsstabilized against re- .use-may be made of-a base of the typepreviously described to adjust the pH of the composition to within a range of 7-9 andto catalyze the polymerization reaction upon drying. The amount of organo-silicon compound in the treating composition will correspond to the conditions previously described in the use ofa silane in a base solution. Modification .to include wetting agents and additional lubricants may also be made when incorporated as a water soluble compound or else dispersed in aqueous medium.

The following will illustrate the practice of this invention in the concepts described above;

Example 5 3.5 percent by weight diphenyl silane diol 71.0, percent by weight wetting agent 95.5 percent by weight water Example 6 4.0 percent by weight phenyl silane diol 1.0 percent by weight wetting agent 95.0 percent by weight water adjusted to a pH of about 8 with ammonia Example 7 2.0 percent by weight diphenyl silane diol 2.0 percent by weight methyl triethoxy silane 96.0 percent by weight water adjusted to a pH of 7.5

- with ammonia Example 8 3.0 percent by weight naphthol silane triol 1.0 percent by weight diethyl polysiloxane in aqueous dispersion a 96.0jpercent by weight water adjusted-to a pH of 7.5

Application may be made as described in connection with Examples l-4. Because of the stability of the silanol, it is possible to allow the hair to dry after being wet with the compositions of Examples 5-8 and then achieve hair setting simply by arranging the hair and heating to cause polymerization and setting of the organo-' silicon compound on the hairfibers. Thus the treating composition may be applied to the entire head of hair and, when dry or just about dry, the hair may be combed with a hot comb, brushed under a drying lampor heat lamporset with pin curls, or waved with a hot iron or the like to eifect simultaneous polymerization of the organo-silicon whereby the hair becomes set in ,the desired arrangement, Thus the process of hair setting and conditioning is still further "simplified and rendered more practical.

As with the compositions of the type setforth in Examples 1-4, the straightened hair may be further conditioned for curling orarranged in another coiflFure with or without the addition of more of the treating compositionbut preferably with the application of heat to effect furtherpoly merization or setting.

Ithas beenfound further that a stable hair treating composition embodying an organo-silicon compound in aqueous medium may be prepared when an organo silane or silanolis so completely dispersed in the aqueous medium that the molecules remain sufficiently protected andfseparated one from another to minimize contact necessary-forreactionlto form the polymer; Complete 8 emulsiticationof this-character generally requires the use of an emulsifyingagent and theformation of the emuls'ion by, supersonic vibration. In the preferred concept ofthisphase of the invention, the silane is first dissolved in'alcohol or other solvent medium to achieve substantial dilution'and then the solution in alcohol or other solvent isdispersed in the manner described in the aqueous medium. Dilution of the organo silane or silanol in amounts up to 70 percent by weight solvent followed by emulsification or dispersion in water to a solids content of 1-5 percent as previously'described offer the best results with respect to stability and use.

' Example 9 4.0 percent by weight diethyl diethoxy silane 8.0 percent by weight alcohol 87.0 percent by weight water 1.0 percent by. weight emulsifying agent Example 10 2.0 percent by weight dimethyl dimethoxy silane 2.0 percent by weight diphenyl diethoxy silane 9.0 percent by weight benzol 86.0 percent by weight water 1.0 percent by weight emulsifying agent In each of the above examples, the silane is first dissolved in the solvent medium and then the solution is dispersed by supersonic vibration in the aqueous medium containing the emulsifying agent dissolved therein. Application in use corresponds to that previously described in connection with Examples 1-8. Condensation reaction to form thepolymer occurs as emulsion breaks to enable reaction between the molecules and therefore may be caused to take place immediately upon passage of a hot comb through the hair for straightening thereby to set the hair in advance of the elimination of the diluent. The emulsion may be broken by the use of other heating means such asa curling iron, hot pads, heat lamp or the like for setting the hair in various arrangements desired. As in Examples 58, the hair may be allowed almost to dry before setting to the desired arrangement in anticipation of the breaking of the' emulsion to form the organosilicon compound. As in the foregoing, application may be made to separate shocks of hair as by means of an atomizing spray or a wetting pad followed by processing of the individual shocks to effect the desired arrangement until the entire head of hair is covered. As in previous systems, hair setting in pin curls or with a curling iron or the like to form a permanent after hair straightening may be achieved. Such 'after'treatrnent to set the hair may be made with or without the application of additional material.

An important conceptof this invention resides in the new and improved method for securing a permanent. It is generally recognized that a permanent of the type which makes use of a reduction reaction with thioglycolic acid or salts thereof to sever the sulphur tosulphur bond in the cystine molecule of the hair followed by oxidation with a peroxide or thelike. to reform the sulphur bond after the hair has. been'set is not available for use with kinkyhair. i

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method embodying compositions of this invention for enabling kinky hair to be permanently waved with compositions of the type described.

In accordance with the practice of this invention, kinky hair is straightened by the use of organo-silicon compositions in thisv and in the related applications of which this application is an improvement. After the-kinky hair has been straightened in the manner described, then the standard compositions may be applied for permanent WEWlIlgiblStid upon reduction reaction with the glycolic acids or their salts torender the hair plastic followed by oxidation'to reform the hair'molecules after it has been set'tothe desired arrangement."

9 This application is a continuation-in-part of applicants copending application Ser. No. 289,908, filed on May 25, 1952.

It will be understood that various changes maybe made in the selection of materials, their ratio within the area defined and their method of application and treatment Without departing from the spirit of the invention, especially as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. A stable aqueous composition for hair setting comprising water as the diluent and containing an amount ranging from l percent by weight of an organo silane in a dissolved state in the aqueous medium wherein from one to three of the valence bonds of the silicon atom of the silane are satisfied by highly hydrolyzable ions selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, methoxy, ethoxy and hydroxy ions with the remainder of the valence bonds being satisfied by an organic radical selected from the group of radicals consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, phenyl, toluyl and naphthyl nuclei and in which ammonia ispresent in an amount to adjust the pH of the composition to between 7-10.

2. A stable aqueous composition for hair setting comprising water as the diluent containing an organo silane compound in a dissolved state in the aqueous medium wherein the silane is dissolved in an organic solvent and the solution of silane in solvent is dispersed dilutely in an aqueous medium in an amount to provide a concentration of the silane Within a range of 15 percent by Weight of the composition and wherein from one to three of the valence bonds of the silicon atom of the silane are satisfied by highly hydrolyzable ions selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, methoxy, ethoxy and hydroxy ions with the remainder of the valence bonds being satisfied by an organic radical selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, phenyl, toluyl and naphthyl nuclei.

3. The method of setting hair comprising the steps of wetting the hair with acomposition as defined in claim 1, setting the hair while eliminating the ammonia leaving an insolublized organo silicon compound set on the hair fibers.

4. The method of setting hair comprising the steps of Wetting the hair with a composition as defined in claim 2, setting the hair while eliminating the diluent to leave an insolubilized organo silicon compound set on the hair fibers.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,530,635 Sowa Nov. 21, 1950 2,643,375 Gant June 23, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 465,257 Canada May 23, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES Alexander et al.: Application of Organosilicon Polymers to Wool, J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists, March 1949, 

1. A STABLE AQUEOUS COMPOSITION FOR HAIR SETTING COMPRISING WATER AS THE DILUENT AND CONTAINING AN AMOUNT RANGING FROM 1-5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN ORGANO SILANE IN A DISSOLVED STATE IN THE AQUEOUS MEDIUM WHEREIN FROM ONE TO THREE OF THE VALENCE BONDS OF THE SILICON ATOM OF THE SILANE ARE SATISFIED BY HIGHLY HYDROLYZABLE IONS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CHLORINE, BROMINE, METHOXY, ETHOXY AND HYDROXY IONS WITH THE REMAINDER OF THE VALENCE BONDS BEING SATISFIED BY AN ORGANIC RADICAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP OF RADICALS CONSISTING OF METHYL, ETHYL, PROPYL, BUTYL, BENZYL, PHENYL, TOLUYL AND NAPHTHYL NUCLEI AND IN WHICH AMMONIA IS PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT TO ADJUST THE PH OF THE COMPOSITION TO BETWEEN 7-10. 